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Cryptography Terminology

Cryptography Terminology

Plain text - a clear text message.

Encryption - the process of turning a clear-text message (plaintext) into a data stream which looks like a meaningless and random sequence of bits (ciphertext).

Decryption - the process of getting plaintext from encrypted data.

Cipher - a cryptographic algorithm that uses a mathematical functions which takes plaintext as the input and produces ciphertext as the output and vice versa.

Key - a cryptographic key is a string of bits used by a cryptographic algorithm to transform plain text into cipher text or vice versa.

Stream ciphers - symmetric algorithms that operate on 1 bit (or sometimes 1 byte) of plaintext at a time.

Block ciphers - algorithms that operate on blocks of bits at a time.

Symmetric algorithms - algorithms that we the same key for encryption and decryption.

Public-Key (Asymmetric) algorithms - algorithms that use two different keys (public and private) for encryption and decryption.

! The first use of the term cryptograph (as opposed to cryptogram) dates back to the 19th century - it originated in The Gold-Bug, a novel by Edgar Allan Poe.
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